Date | Significant Events in the History of Psychotherapy with special emphasis on Group Psychotherapy |
Reference |
1890's |
Social Work, Groupthink, Settlement House |
|
1892 |
The American Psychological Association (APA) was
founded |
Resnick, 1997 |
1905 |
Pratt's "class method beginning of group
psychotherapy (in US) with tuberculosis patients; didactic approach |
Gazda, G M.(1982). |
1910 |
Criminal justice recognizes therapy as possible
alternative to prison. |
Resnick, 1997 |
1919 |
American Psychological Association initiative to
establish a certification procedure. |
Resnick, 1997 |
1921 |
Adler in Vienna collective therapy = seeing
the individual/group context |
Gazda, G M.(1982). |
1921 |
Freud in Vienna Group Psychology and the Analysis
of the Ego |
Gazda, G M.(1982). |
1931 |
Jacob Moreno in Vienna - Theatre of
Spontaneity & sociodrama |
Gazda, G M.(1982). |
1932 |
Moreno in US coined term group psychotherapy |
Gazda, G M.(1982). |
1933 |
Lewin in US social-psychological perspective on the
study of groups - "action research." |
Scheidlinger, (1995). |
1934 |
Slavson - child-guidance - Therapeutics of Creative
Activity |
Scheidlinger, (1995). |
1937 |
APA certification discontinued. |
Resnick, 1997 |
1940's |
Marriage and Family Therapy founded |
|
1943 |
Slavson American Group Psychotherapy Association
& International Journal of Group Psychotherapy |
Scheidlinger, (1995). |
1945 |
Kurt Lewins
- Research Center for Group Dynamics at Massachusetts Institute of
Technology |
Scheidlinger, (1995). |
1945 |
Certification of school psychologists in Connecticut
(US) |
Resnick, 1997 |
1946 |
1st psychology licensing act in the
Commonwealth of Virginia (US) |
Resnick, 1997 |
1947 |
American Board of Examiners in Professional
Psychology defined: clinical, counseling, school, and
industrial/organizational psychology programs and internships.
They supported state certification and licensure statutes. |
Resnick, 1997 |
1949 |
Creation of the National Institute of Mental Health
and its funding of graduate training in psychology. |
Resnick, 1997 |
1950 |
National Training Laboratories (NTL) at Bethel,
Maine - "T-groups" (sensitivity training); beginning of use of
feedback |
Scheidlinger, (1995). |
1952 |
Eysencks concludes no research evidence to
support the effectiveness of psychotherapy and psychoanalysis was less
effective than no therapy at all |
Scheidlinger, (1995). |
1960s |
Competing schools: TA, Person Centered, RET,
Existential, Gestalt Therapy Nontraditional group intervention models
functioned under nonprofessional auspices transcendental mediation
& encounter groups |
Gazda, G M.(1982). |
1961 |
Bion's "Experiences in Group" is published |
Ettin, Cohen, & Fidler (1997) |
1963 |
Community Mental Health Center Act - modified group
measures i.e. psychoeducational, recreational, and occupational methods,
including art and dance therapy |
Scheidlinger, (1995). |
1974 |
US President Nixon signed the federal freedom of
choice bill |
Resnick, 1997 |
1980s |
Rising admission rates for adolescents in mental
hospitals |
Resnick, 1997 |
1980's |
Jay Haley; Problem solving ordeal therapy |
|
1983 |
Institution in US of Preferred Providers
and Diagnostic Related Groups |
Resnick, 1997 |
1984 |
Kolb's work in learning theories |
|
1989 |
T-Groups. Sensitivity training initiatives by a
Turkish psychologist who studied and worked in the states. |
Scheidlinger, (1995). |
1990s |
Cost containment through managed behavioral health
care |
Resnick, 1997 |
Reference List
Ettin M. F, Cohen , B. D., Fidler J. W; (1997) Group-as-a-Whole Theory Viewed in Its 20th-Century Context Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice Vol. 1, No. 4, 329-340
Gazda, G M.(1982). Group Psychotherapy and Group Counseling: Definition And Heritage in G.M. Gazda (Ed) Basic Approaches to Group Psychotherapy and Group counseling. 3rd Ed. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher.
Resnick, R J. April 1997 A Brief History of PracticeExpanded American Psychologist Vol. 52, No. 4, 463-468
Scheidlinger, S. (1995). The small healing group - A historical overview. Psychotherapy, 32(4), 657-668.